Author: (Matsumura, 1900)
Adzuki podworm
Species Overview:
Adult: 15-19 mm wingspan; forewing in males yellowish-brown, with olive hue; markings brown suffused with grey; apex of forewing of males shorter than in Matsumuraeses falcana. Hindwing pale ochreous; anal area in males with androconial scales; these scales not extending to vein 1+2A along wing margin. A variable species.
Egg: greenish-grey; deposited singly on the under-surface of the leaves or on the petioles of the food plant.
Larva: head and prothoracic plate yellowish-brown; body yellowish-green; pinacula brown; thoracic legs yellowish-brown. Full-grown larvae become reddish.
Pupa: light brown; in a spun cocoon in the larval habitation.
Taxonomic Description:
Male:
M. phaseoli adults
External characters: 15-19 mm wingspan. Forewing yellowish brown or yellowish grey, with olive hue, mid-dorsal patch often slightly paler, termen light brown. Markings brown suffused with grey; dorsum with dark grey suffusion basally. Costal strigulae dark fuscous, beneath these a dark fuscous streak and, posterior to centre of wing, a dark fuscous spot; 2 irregular rows of small black dots present in terminal part of wing, one situated in the ocellar area, these spots may also be formed by refractive scales.
Apex of forewing shorter than in Matsumuraeses falcana. Hindwing pale ochreous-grey, with prismatic reflections and with a narrow, dark fuscous, marginal suffusion. Anal area with androconial scales; these scales not extending to vein 1+2A along wing margin (Razowski and Yasuda, 1975).
male gen. M. phaseoli
Genitalia: Socii large, fused, with strong hairs. Valva constricted medially; apex of cucullus angulate ventrally and produced dorsally; ventral margin of cucullus only slightly convex. Aedeagus curved, fairly slender, with small cornuti.
Female:
External characters: Forewings usually almost uniformly ochreous-brown to brown- or brownish-grey with scattered ochreous and blackish scales, often paler postmedially or with a blackish-brown suffusion basally. Black dots arranged in 2 irregular rows.
female genitalia M. phaseoli
Genitalia: Sterigma elongate, deeply incised in middle of posterior edge, somewhat variable in shape. Seventh sternite with rounded, broad, lateral lobes. Corpus bursae with two signa.
Biology
The number of generations per year varies. In the northern part of its range, there is only one generation yearly and in Southern Japan, there are 3 to 4 generations per year, and in Primorski Krai, there are 4 to 5 (with regular changing of food plants). Females deposit the eggs singly on the under-surface of the leaves or on the petioles of the food plant (chiefly soy bean). Larvae spin the leaves of young shoots together, or feed inside the pods and stems. According to Danilevsky and Kuznetsov, 1968 (data concern Primorski Krai), full-grown larvae hibernate in the soil. According to Razowski and Yasuda, 1975 (data concern Japan), pupae hibernate, and pupation takes place in the larval habitation.
Host plants:
Cultivated legumes such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), soy bean (Glycine max), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), broad bean (Vicia falca), as well as several wild leguminous plants.
Damage:
Matsumuraeses phaseoli is a pest of numerous species of cultivated legumes (Glycine, Phaseolus). In Primorski Krai, this species is known as a pest of soy bean. Injury to soy bean is more severe in warmer districts. In summer varieties of soy bean, the larvae web young leaves together and feed on them, and then bore into the stem, often causing severe injury by defoliation, stunting plant growth and breaking branches. In autumn soy bean varieties the larvae web a few pods (or pods and leaves or branches) together, and feed on the epidermis as well as on the seeds.
In China the species is also a pest on vetch, haricot beans, lucerne and clover.
Distribution:
Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku), North Korea (Phiongjang-si district); Russia (Amur district, Primorski Krai), China.
Pheromone:
Pheromone unknown.
Parasitoids:
Nemorilla floralis (Fall.) (Tachinidae)