Author: (Treitschke, 1835)
Strawberry tortricid
Species Overview:
Adult: 18-22 mm wingspan; forewing ground colour dull brown strigulated with dark grey-brown, marking dark grey-brown, veins lined with dark grey-brown forming a reticulate pattern; hindwing white; anal part of wing suffused with grey. Antennae of male without a basal notch.
Egg: deposited in batches of various sizes on the underside of leaves of the food plant.
Larva: slender; head green with region of stemmata and posterior margin blackish; prothoracic and anal plates green; abdomen green, with paler sub-dorsal lines, sometimes with a dark green dorsal line; pinacula green.
Pupa: 9-13 mm; light brown to blackish brown; dorsal parts of cremaster deeply depressed in basal half, apical half longitudinally wrinkled; bristles on cremaster hardly curved, except hooked apices; in the larval habitation.
Taxonomic Description:
Male:
Pandemis dumetana male 1
Pandemis dumetana male 2
External characters: Antennae weakly dentate-ciliate, without notch near base; scape dull brown, flagellum light brown posteriorly with indistinct dark segmental bars. Frons, vertex and labial palpus dull brown, palpus paler interiorly. Forewing slightly expanding posteriorly; costa strongly curved basally, hardly concave subapically; apex short; termen hardly sinuate, not oblique. Forewing ground colour characteristically dull brown strigulated with dark grey-brown, veins lined with dark grey-brown forming a reticulate pattern; marking dark grey-brown, margins of basal and median fascia well defined, edged with dark brown; usually a distinct dark stria from triangular pre-apical spot to tornal area. Hindwing white, weakly strigulated apically; anal part of wing suffused with grey (Bradley et al., 1973).
male gen. P. dumetana
Genitalia: Uncus short, rounded and slightly concave apically; socii elongate, drooping, nearly as long as uncus. Arm of gnathos slender, somewhat prominent medially; termination fairly short. Valva broad, membranous dorsally; transtilla broad, narrow medially. Aedeagus simple.
Female:
Pandemis dumetana female 1
Pandemis dumetana female 2
External characters: Similar to male.
female gen. P. dumetana
Genitalia: Sterigma weak, anterior (cup-shaped) part long; antrum distinctly elongate, tubular, with parallel sclerites. Ductus bursae without cestum. No sclerites are present in the corpus bursae except for capitate signum.
Biology:
In Western Europe, moths fly in July and August. They fly freely from sunset onwards. Eggs are deposited in batches of various sizes on the underside of leaves of the food-plants. The incubation period lasts 7-10 days. Larvae feed for a short period of time. Second instar larvae construct a silken hibernaculum in the fold of a leaf, and hibernate until the following spring. Larvae live within rolled leaves and occasionally flowerheads. Pupation occurs in the larval habitation, in June and July. Development lasts 8-10 days (Bradley et al., 1973; Bovey, 1966).
In Korea, moths were collected between late June and early September (Byun et al., 1998).
Host plants:
Apple (Malus), pear (Pyrus), peach (Prunus), strawberry (Fragaria), Centaurea, Cicium, Hedera, Lysimachia, Lathyrus palustris, Medicago sativa, Mentha, Petasites japonicus, Phaseolus sp., Quercus, Rubus, Thalictrum, Trifolium repens, Urtica.
Damage:
Pandemis dumetana is a pest of apple, pear, peach and strawberry. Larvae feed on leaves and blossoms.
Distribution:
Throughout Europe and the Middle East to Siberia, Korea and Japan.
Pheromone:
Pheromone unknown.
Parasitoids:
Colpoclypeus florus (Walker) (Eulophidae)