Acleris Hübner
Type species: aspersana Hübner
DIAGNOSIS
External characters:
Venation:
venation Acleris cristana
Forewing: All veins are separate; R 5 to costa, apex or termen apically.
Hindwing: All veins are separate.
Forewing shape and markings:
examples of Acleris spp.
Forewing often with sharp apex, rarely elongate-ovate; in numerous species with groups of erect scales, mainly at the edges of markings; markings often with refractive elements. Moths are highly polymorphous, and some species are extremely variable. Seasonal dimorphism occurs in several species.
Sexual dimorphism:
Forewing markings often similar in males and females.
Genitalia:
Male:
male genitalia A. aspersana ; male gen. A. bergmanniana
Distal lobes of tegumen more or less elongate, provided with lateral or dorsal processes; median part incised. Socius variably developed, drooping or with median or anterior base, often extending beyond tegumen. Tuba analis with strongly sclerotized ventral surface and often with subterminal process or hook. Valva with well-developed, long costa and strong sacculus, the latter incised or notched medially; brachiola triangular or rounded apically, broad at base; spined termination variable in shape. Transtilla slender, occasionally somewhat expanding medially.
Female:
female gen. A. aspersana ; female gen. A. bergmanniana
Papilla analis of normal tortricine shape, exceptionally telescopic or floricomous. Colliculum absent, or in form of a tubular sclerite which is completely fused with sterigma, or typically developed. Position of ductus seminalis variable; signum, if present, in form of a stellate or elongated, spined, plate.
Early stages:
Larva: crochets (at last partly) biordinal; SD1 and D1 on separate or common pinaculum on A9; SV group on A 2, 7, 8 and 9 is 3:2:2:2; V1 setae further apart on A9 than on A8 in many species.
Biology:
The majority of species in the Palaearctic Region occur in two generations, however, some are univoltine. According to Razowski, 1987a, the larvae have been found on representatives of 109 plant families. Hibernation occurs mainly in the imaginal stage.
Distribution:
The genus occurs in all biogeographic regions except the Australian; the greatest number of species are found in the Palaearctic Region.