Author: (Treitschke, 1830)
Species Overview:
Adult: 18-24 mm wingspan; forewings reddish ochreous; markings darker, thinly edged with ochreous. Hindwing grey-brown (males) or apex tinged with reddish ochreous (females). Antennae of male with a basal notch; frons and upper margin and inner surface of labial palpus white.
Larva: head pale yellow or orange-yellow, a conspicuous black postero-lateral stripe; prothoracic plate similar, edged with dark brown posteriorly, with scattered blackish markings; thoracic legs dark brown or black; abdomen shagreened, grass-green dorsally, whitish-green ventrally; pinacula inconspicuous, paler than integument; anal plate light brown, darker anteriorly; anal comb with 5 or 6 slender prongs.
Pupa: 9-12 mm long; glossy chestnut brown, no spines present on the basal sclerites of the second tergite; in the larval habitation.
Taxonomic Description:
Male:
Pandemis cinnamomeana male
Pandemis cinnamomeana male 2
Pandemis cinnamomeana male 3
External characters: Antenna weakly dentate-ciliate with notch near base. Scape and flagellum white posteriorly. Forewing slender; ground colour reddish ochreous; markings darker, chestnut or cinnamon-brown; outer margins of basal fasciae and inner and outer margins of median fascia thinly edged with ochreous. Hindwing grey-brown; cilia paler (Bradley et al., 1973).
male gen. P. cinnamomeana
Genitalia: Uncus short, rounded and slightly concave apically. Groups of spines on uncus near caudal margin; socii elongate, drooping, twice as short as uncus; gnathos strong with a moderate middle tip. Valva broad, width of valva 1.5 times greater than length, rounded costally, slightly convex apically; transtilla narrow medially. Aedeagus simple.
Female:
Pandemis cinnamomeana female
Pandemis cinnamomeana female 2
External characters: Antenna sparsely ciliate, without notch. Scape and flagellum cinnamon-brown. Frons, crown of head and labial palpus cinnamon-brown, palpus paler interiorly. Colouration and wing markings similar to those of male but apex of hindwing tinged with reddish-ochreous (Bradley et al., 1973).
female gen. P. cinnamomeana
Genitalia: Cup-shaped portion of sterigma short; antrum well sclerotized. Ductus bursae short, without cestum; corpus bursae with two heavily sclerotized areas; signum moderate.
Biology:
In the UK, moths fly from the end of June to July. They hide during the day, usually amongst the foliage of large trees but sometimes showing a preference for tall bracken. When disturbed, they dart to the ground with a rapid zig-zag flight. Young larvae hibernate, development continues in May and June. They live amongst spun leaves. Pupation occurs in June and July, in the larval habitation (Bradley et al., 1973).
According to Byun et al., 1998, moths fly between mid May and mid September in Korea.
Host plants:
Abies alba, Acer, Betula, Larix, Malus pumila, Picea sitchensis, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, Salix, Sorbus aucuparia, Sorbus commixta, Ulmus davidiana and Vaccinium. It has also been recorded from tea (Camellia).
Damage:
Larvae feed on foliage. Pandemis cinnamomeana has been recorded attacking tea plantations, as well as forest and ornamental crops, but is of minor economic importance.
Distribution:
Widely distributed in Europe (except in the south), Russia, China, Korea, Japan.
Pheromone:
Pheromone unknown.
Attractantia:
Z 11-14Ac : 8
E 11-14Ac : 2
(Ando et al., 1978)
Parasitoids:
Glypta evanescens Ratz. (Ichneumonidae)
Glypta bipunctoria Th. (Ichneumonidae)
Ascogaster rufidens Wesm. (Braconidae)
Macrocentrus thoracicus Nees (Braconidae).