Zeiraphera Treitschke
Type species: lichiana Treitschke = isertana Fabricius
DIAGNOSIS
External characters:
Venation:
venation Zeiraphera isertana
Forewing: Chorda and M -stem well preserved.
Hindwing: M 3 and CuA 1 stalked.
Forewing shape and markings:
examples of Zeiraphera spp.
Forewing without costal fold; outer margin of basal patch angulated medially.
Genitalia:
Male:
male genitalia Z. diniana
Uncus strongly reduced, represented by a weak apical convexity of the tegumen, often without any trace of transverse suture; socius, a broad, hairy lobe; tuba analis membranous with elongate basal sclerite. Valva elongate, costal hook prominent, sacculus short, not or only slightly angulated terminally; neck of valva short, ill-defined, usually hairy, cucullus elongate. Aedeagus simple; cornuti, a bunch of deciduous spines.
Female:
female genitalia Z. diniana
Ovipositor telescopic; apophyses long; eighth tergite partially membranous; sterigma strongly reduced, represented by aciculate patches of membrane situated beyond more or less elevated dorso-posterior part of antrum which also may be regarded as a part of sterigma; cingulum median or postmedian; ductus seminalis originating dorsally or laterally, anterior to cingulum. Corpus bursae with one or two strong signa. Seventh sternite distinctly incised posteriorly, occasionally marked with submedian folds.
Early stages:
Swatschek, 1958, provides the following diagnosis for the larvae based on chaetotaxy of three species.
Crochets on abdominal prolegs biordinal; L1, L2 and L3 set in a straight line on prothorax; distance between SD1 and SD2 equals that between SD1 and XD2 on same segment; SD2 situated dorso-cranial to SD1 on mesothorax.
Biology:
One generation yearly; hibernation in the egg stage; larvae feed in spun leaves, both on conifers and deciduous trees.
Distribution:
Palaearctic and Nearctic regions.