Eucosma Hübner
Type species: circulana Hübner
DIAGNOSIS
External characters:
Venation:
venation Eucosma aspidiscana
Forewing: chorda weak; all veins separate.
Hindwing: M 3 and CuA 1 often long stalked (varying from approximate to connate and stalked).
Forewing shape and markings:
Eucosma conterminana adult 2
Forewing with or without costal fold in males.
Genitalia:
Male:
male genitalia E. conterminana
Uncus short, rounded apically; socius slightly elongate, drooping, hairy; tuba analis weakly sclerotized, connected with tegumen by means of weak sclerites; neck of valva well-defined; cucullus short, distinctly angulated ventrally, bristled and spined; spines and bristles on neck and sacculus variably developed, often atrophying, usually preserved in ventral half; posterior edge of basal opening somewhat expanding subdorsally, hairy or bristled; dorsal group of setae weak, often situated on a convexity of costa; aedeagus simple, often broad; cornuti, a bunch of deciduous spines.
Female:
female gen. E. conterminana
Antevaginal part of sterigma delicate, rather weakly sclerotized; postvaginal part aciculate, fairly long, concave medially; ductus bursae fairly short; cingulum well developed, swung; ductus seminalis originating in membranous portion of cingulum, usually lateral; two well developed signa in corpus bursae.
Early stages:
Swatschek, 1958, provides a diagnosis based on chaetotaxy of 16 European species.
Crochets on abdominal prolegs uniordinal; basal ring of seta SD1 smaller than spiracle on second abdominal segment. V setae further apart than D setae on eighth abdominal segment; SD2 situated dorsal or dorso-caudal SD1 on mesothorax.
Biology:
Probably one generation yearly at least in the northern and central part of the Palaearctic Region; hibernation in larval stage. Larvae feed in roots, stems and flowers of Compositae.
Distribution:
Known from the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental Regions.