(after Horak and Brown, 1991)
Introduction
Olethreutini (examples of moths)
Olethreutini (about 1400 species in over 144 genera) occur in all regions of the world, with their greatest diversity in east and southeast Asia and the Holarctic region. Holarctic species feed primarily on hosts in Rosaceae, Ericaceae, Betulaceae, and Salicaceae. The tribe has historically been variously divided into several groups. Generalized genera, e.g. Rhodocosmaria Diakonoff, Statherotis Meyrick, and Zomaria Heinrich, are more diverse in southern and south-eastern Asia. Olethreutes and related genera occur throughout the world. Eudemis Hübner and Lobesia, considered to be more derived, occur in the Palaearctic region and Asiatic tropics. The derived genus Sorolopha Lower, which occurs in southeastern Asia and Australia, may be closely related to some Eucosmini and Grapholitini.
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnostically important characters are given in italics
Adult
wing venation Olethreutini (explaining terms)
male genitalia Olethreutini (explaining terms)
female genitalia Olethreutini (explaining terms)
Forewing with fascia usually distinct, speculum (ocellus) absent; male without costal fold. Hindwing with CuA1, M3 and M2 connate or approximate at base, rarely stalked; male often with inner margin thickened or rolled and enclosing sex scales. Tarsi with two ventral setae and one lateral seta; male hind tibia often with hair-pencil or brush. Male abdomen with or without abdominal pouches, hair-pencils, and brushes. Male genitalia: vinculum relatively narrow; socii well-developed and broadly joining tegumen, or reduced; aedeagus with fixed and deciduous cornuti present or absent, coecum absent; valva with large basal excavation, costal hook usually two-branched, sacculus with one or two spine clusters, cucullus narrow, often weakly developed. Female genitalia: lamella antevaginalis developed and fused with lamella postvaginalis to form sterigma posterior to sternum 7; ductus bursae long, sclerotized near ostium but without ring near ductus seminalis ; one or two signa present or absent, plate-like, scobinate, or cornuate. Pheromones and attractants: 12-carbon acetates and alcohols with double bonding in the eighth position, rarely in eighth and tenth positions (Hedya Hübner).
Larva
setal map (showing position of setae. Note: example is not an olethreutine larva)
Anal fork often present, crochets uniordinal, biordinal or triordinal; T1 with L1 usually closer to L2 than L3; A7 -A9 with SV group 3:2:2, or if less, V1s on A9 not more widely separated than on A8; A9 with D1 and SD1 usually on separate pinacula, or if on same pinaculum, length of coronal suture is usually twice width of adfrontal; spiracle on A8 not distinctly near caudal margin of segment; A10 with D1 usually long, usually over half the length of SD1.
Pupa
A2-A6 with two rows of spines, A8 with one to two rows, A9 with one row, A10 with spines random or absent; cremaster developed, bearing eight hooked setae, two dorso-lateral, two lateral or ventro-lateral, and four medio-caudal, anal rise with two hooked setae on each side.
Genera including pests (in Europe and Asia)
Apotomis
Celypha
Cymolomia
Dudua
Hedya
Lobesia
Olethreutes
Orthotaenia
Piniphila
Pseudohermenias