(after Horak and Brown, 1991)
Introduction
Cnephasiini (examples of male moths)
The Cnephasiini (about 300 species) are basically a Holarctic group with a few representatives extending into adjacent areas. Cnephasiine larvae are oligo- to polyphagous on a wide range of plant families. Eggs are laid singly or in small irregular groups or imbricated patches and covered with detritus with the modified papillae analis. The larvae feed in spun leaves or flowers, sometimes mining in the first instar.
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnostically important characters are given in italics
Adult
male genitalia Cnepahasiini (explaining terms)
female genitalia Cnephasiini (explaining terms)
Palpus porrect, maxillary palpus often four segmented. Forewing narrow, distally expanded, subtriangular, termen strongly oblique, usually with oblique transverse fasciae; without costal fold in male; chorda present or vestigial, R-stem at most vestigial, all veins separate. Male genitalia with uncus nearly always spinose laterally; socii and gnathos well developed; transtilla often medially expanded; usually strongly sclerotized sacculus, mostly with free apex. Female genitalia almost always with floricomous ovipositor; ventral arms of anterior apophyses not developed; not connected with sterigma; signum, if present, a dentate band, rarely stellate. Known pheromones 12-carbon compounds.
Larva
setal map (showing position of setae. Note: example is not a cnepahsiine larva)
Crochets uniordinal to biordinal; D2 usually on separate pinaculum on A1-7; SD1 and D1 on separate or common pinaculum on A9; L-group bi- or trisetose on A9; SV group on A1, 2, 7, 8 and 9 is 3:3:3:2:2 to 3(2):3:2:1:1.
Pupa
Eana spp., Cnephasia spp., Exapate duratella: A2 usually with two, A3-A7 with two rows, and A8 and A9 with at most one row of spines; cremaster short with two dorsal thorns or cauda with two large, usually dorsally curved thorns only; smaller thorn sometimes present lateral of anal rise; setae on A10 straight, unmodified or hooked, either on apex only or on entire segment, sometimes also on A9, but no prominent setae on anal rise.
Genera including pests (in Europe and Asia)
Cnephasia
Exapate
Neosphaleroptera