(after Horak and Brown, 1991)
Introduction
Eucosmini (examples of moths)
The Eucosmini (about 1000 species in over 125 genera) appear to have evolved from more than one ancestor in the Olethreutini, rather than being a monophyletic sister group to the latter tribe. The tribe is mostly Holarctic in distribution, and over half of the known species occur in the Nearctic Region.
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnostically important characters are given in italics
Adult
venation Eucosmini 2 (explaining terms)
male genitalia Eucosmini (explaining terms)
female genitalia Eucosmini (explaining terms)
Forewing often with fasciate pattern, pre-apical fascia often reduced to small spot, speculum (ocellus) present in derived genera; male often with costal fold enclosing sex scales. Hindwing with CuA1 and M3 stalked, male often with sex scales on costa or in fold of anal margin (Ancylis). Male genitalia: uncus bilobed or single and lacking ventral setae in generalized genera, small or absent in derived genera; socii broad, triangular or rounded, arising laterally from tegumen in generalized genera, small, digitate, and pendant from apex of tegumen in derived genera; aedeagus with deciduous cornuti, often with fixed cornuti or denticles in derived genera; valva with large basal excavation, costal hook single or two-branched; valva with saccular spine cluster often present in generalized genera, cucullus well-developed, deliminated by neck, and often with marginal spines in derived genera. Female genitalia: lamella antevaginalis well-developed in generalized genera, reduced or absent in derived genera; ostium in deep emargination of seventh sternum in derived genera; ductus bursae with or without sclerotization near ostium, often with sclerotized ring (cingulum) near ductus seminalis; signa variable, often blade-like or cornuate. Pheromones and attractants: 12-, rarely 14-, carbon acetates and alcohols with double bonding in seventh, eighth, or ninth positions, or in eighth and tenth positions.
Larva
setal map (showing position of setae. Note: example is not an eucosmine larva)
setal map head (showing position of setae. Note: example is not an eucosmine larva)
Anal fork present or absent; crochets usually uniordinal or biordinal; spinneret simple, apically broadened, or bifurcate; prothorax with L1 usually equidistant from L2 and L3; SV group on A7-9 bisetose or unisetose, if trisetose or more on A7, then A8 is dorsal or dorso-anterior to spiracle, or spinneret is bifurcate; A9 with D1 and SD1 on same pinaculum, if weakly developed or on separate pinacula, length of coronal suture is not twice width of adfrontal, and SV group on A7 bisetose or less; A8 with SD1 anterior or dorso-anterior to spiracle; A10 with D1 often half the length of SD1.
Pupa
A2-A7 with two rows of spines; A8 usually with one row, A9 with one row, rarely absent, with or without hooked setae between spines, A10 with one row, or rarely random group; cremaster reduced or absent, cauda with four to eight flat, hooked setae, 0-4 medial, two dorso-lateral, two latero-ventral; anal rise with one to two, rarely three hooked setae on each side.
Genera including pests (in Europe and Asia)
Ancylis
Barbara
Blastesthia
Clavigesta
Crocidosema
Enarmonia
Epinotia
Eucosma,
Eucoenogenes,
Gravitarmata
Gypsonoma,
Heleanna
Notocelia
Retinia
Rhopobota
Rhyacionia
Spilonota
Tetramoera
Zeiraphera