Sparganothis Hübner
Type species: luteolana Hübner, 1796-99
DIAGNOSIS
External characters:
Venation:
venation S. pilleriana
Forewing: R 4 -R 5 stalked.
Hindwing: R-M 1 stalked.
Forewing shape and markings:
Sparganothis pilleriana males 1; S. pilleriana females 1
Forewing in males with or without costal fold. Markings variable, well developed or reduced.
Sexual dimorphism:
Antenna distinctly ciliate in males. Males smaller than females; forewing broader than in females. Sexual dimorphism also expressed in colouration and markings.
Additional characters:
Labial palpi long, often five times longer than diameter of eye.
Hindwing with cubital pecten (as in Olethreutinae).
Genitalia:
Male:
male genitalia S. pilleriana
Lateral portion of pedunculus near middle weakly sclerotized; uncus thin, distinctly sclerotized, curved downwards, with slender basal lobes; arms of gnathos not coalescent terminally, each arm more or less distinctly expanding apically, provided with bristles or delicate spines. Anterior portion of arm fused with socius. Socius erect, with pocket-shaped apical portions, broadly connected with tegumen. Below the apical lobes, the socii are fused to one another and to a distal membrane, the posterior part of which extends into the tuba analis. Socii covered with dense, usually long, scales. Vinculum strong, without saccus. Valva broad, weakly sclerotized, with semi-membranous edge extending above costa, tapering and membranous distally. Sacculus simple. Transtilla distinctly sclerotized, with single or paired spined central prominences.
Female:
female genitalia S. pilleriana
Sterigma broad, with short lateral parts, proximal corners broad, short, occasionally weakly sclerotized anteriorly; median part of sterigma deeply concave, with distinct margins, ventral part of sterigma short, weakly sclerotized. Colliculum undifferentiated or represented by small semicircular sclerite (in Sparganothis rubicindana H.S.) followed by submembranous broadening. Ductus bursae broad anteriorly, coiled; ductus seminalis postmedian or distal, situated dorsally. Signum, if present, a small concave plate.
Early stages:
Larva: Crochets biordinal; head with second stemma closer to third than to first and P1 closer to P2 then to AF2; D1 on separate pinaculum on A9 (both D1 setae share one pinaculum); SD2 on A1-A8 on same pinaculum as SD1; L group trisetose on A9; SV group of A1, 2, 7, 8 and 9 is 3:3:3:2:2; V1 setae on A9 distinctly further apart then those on A8. Spiracle on 8th abdominal segment as large as the SD1 pinaculum; on the second abdominal segment bigger than the basal ring of SD1.
Pupa: A2-A7 with two rows, and A8 with one or two rows of spines and A9 and A10 without spines; cremaster well-developed, long, with eight hooked setae.
Biology:
(Sparganothis pilleriana) Eggs are deposited in imbricated groups (during July and August). One female deposits 175-400 eggs. Young larvae construct hibernacula and start feeding in the following spring. Larvae are polyphagous; Sparganothis pilleriana is a serious pest of the vineshoot.
Distribution:
Holarctic Region.