(after Horak and Brown, 1991)
Introduction
Tortricini (examples of moths)
Tortricini (over 300 species) are found nearly worldwide, with the exception of New Zealand and Southern South America, but the Neotropical fauna is depauperate. They are most numerous in the Holarctic (about 200 species), but have their greatest generic diversity in the Oriental Region. Tortricini oviposit singly and feed on a wide range of host plants (Razowski, 1984, reports 25 families for the Palaearctic Region, with Rosaceae dominant, followed by Fagaceae), but they are relatively host-specific. The larvae are mostly leafrollers; they rarely bore into parts of their host plant and exceptionally feed on coccids.
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnostically important characters are given in italics
Adult
male genitalia Tortricini (explaining terms)
female genitalia Tortricini (explaining terms)
Forewing without costal fold in male; upperside of wing often with raised scales; chorda only rarely present (Tortrix Linnaeus), M-stem absent; M3 and CuA1 often stalked. Male genitalia without tergal flexor muscles of the valvae (m4); uncus often atrophied; typical tortricine gnathos absent except in an undescribed New Caledonian genus, but ventral part of anal tube usually sclerotized as subscaphium; valva usually with brachiola ; juxta usually a large, ventrically folded plate. Female genitalia: signum, if present, usually a dentate plate, often star-shaped.
Larva
setal map (showing position of setae. Note: example is an archipine larva)
Holarctic species: Crochets biordinal; SD1 and D1 on separate or common pinaculum on A9 (variable in congeneric species); SD2 on separate pinaculum on most or all A1-A7; L-group on A9 trisetose; SV group on A1, 2, 7, 8 and 9 is 3:3:2:2:2, if less then highly unstable.
Pupa
Maxillary palpi sometimes absent; spines on A2, at least cephalic row), often absent; A3-A7 (A8) with two rows and A8 and A9 with one row of dorsal spines; cremaster short, truncate and curved ventrally, multilobed or with two ventrally projected lateral thorns, with eight hooked setae; usually two hooked setae on each side of anal rise.
Genera including pests (in Europe and Asia)
Acleris
Aleimma
Paracroesia
Tortrix