Author: (Walsingham, 1900)
Common apple leafroller
Species Overview:
Adult: males 16-22 mm wingspan, females 24-30 mm wingspan; forewings ochreous to brownish with brown markings and darker strigulation. Hindwings brownish grey.
Egg: greenish yellow; flattened elliptical. Deposited in an elliptical, imbricate mass on the under-side of a fully expanded leaf [C. longicellana egg batch ].
Larva: average length 23 mm; head ochreous brown mixed with brownish, with a small amount of dark pigment in region of stemmata; body yellowish green to dark green; prothoracic shield brownish yellow, darkening laterally and posteriorly; pinacula and anal shield pale; thoracic legs dark brown [C. longicellana mature larva ].
Pupa: ca. 13-17 mm; dark brown; second abdominal segment without a projection directed cephalad; caudal part of first abdominal segment never spinose [details pupa C. longicellana ].
Taxonomic Description:
Male:
C. longicellana male 1
C. longicellana male 2
External characters: Wingspan 16-22 mm. Labial palpus, head and antenna ochreous; thorax mixed with brownish. Forewing not expanding terminally, broadest at middle; costa strongly curved basally, tolerably straight before apex; apex short; termen convex. Costal fold from beyond base to 2/3 of costa, broadest anteriorly. Ground colour ochreous to brownish with darker strigulation; markings browner, usually paler edged. Basal patch ill-defined, marked with dark brown spot at dorsum; median fascia from middle of costa to before tornus, convex in middle part of anterior edge, narrowing costally, often interrupted beyond costa; subapical blotch small. Cilia paler than ground colour, cream at tornus. Hindwing brownish grey, apical area occasionally cream or ochreous; cilia pale cinerous (Yasuda, 1975b).
male genitalia C. longicellana
aedeagus C. longicellana
Genitalia: Tegumen narrowed posteriorly as viewed antero-dorsally, width at dorso-posterior end one-half that at base; lateral side convex as viewed antero-dorsally. Uncus triangular, abruptly bent ventrally at mid-length; apex truncate, more than 2.0-fold width at subbase; ventral surface of apical third with two clusters of forked or multibranched fine setae at each apical angle. Socius well developed, as long as uncus, abruptly curved at mid-length and pointed antero-ventrally; anterior margin deeply emarginate; almost entire dorsal area with long and dense posteriorly directed setae. Gnathos smooth, C-shaped as viewed laterally; straight length between base and apex slightly shorter than that of socius. Transtilla smooth. Aedeagus slightly curved, distinctly narrowed apically; ending in a strong ventrally curved apical spine; aedeagal surface with numerous spicules. Valva broad, twice as large as tegumen, subtriangular, slightly longer than basal width. Sacculus smooth; dorsal margin between one-quarter and three-quarters length from base largely expanded mesally into conspicuous subrectangular plate bearing conical spine at dorsal distal angle; distal end of sacculus prominently raised with series of short spines (Dang, 1992).
Female:
C. longicellana female
External characters: Wingspan 24-30 mm. Forewing not expanding, broadest before middle; costa strongly curved outwards to middle, concave before apex; apex prominent, rather long; termen sinuate. Ground colour brownish mixed with yellowish or yellowish olive, strigulated with brownish; markings browner, indistinct, consisting of basal suffusion, interrupted median fascia and weak subapical blotch. Hindwing brownish to brown-grey, apical third cream to cream-ochreous, often suffused brown; cilia brownish cream (Yasuda, 1975b).
female gen. C. longicellana
Genitalia: Caudal part of sterigma short, elongate laterally. Anterior part well sclerotized, slender; antrum a weak sclerite. Cestum very long; signum large.
Biology:
Choristoneura longicellana is a polyvoltine species with larval hibernation diapause at a young instar. Larvae become active before apple blooming, and mature two or three weeks after the flower petals have fallen. Pupation takes place in the larval habitation. Moths fly from late June to July and from mid August to early September in Northern Japan. Some of the second-generation larvae undergo diapause after feeding until the second instar. Their hibernacula are whitish, and formed under flaky barks or under leaf pieces webbed onto branches.
In Sikoku, South-Western Japan, the species passes three generations yearly.
Host plants:
Malus pumila, Pyrus simoni, Prunus x yedoensis, Rosa multiflora, Morus sp., Castanea crenata, Castanea pubiner, Quercus acutissima, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis.
Damage:
C. longicellana damage on apple (bud)
C. longicellana damage on pear (leaves)
Choristoneura longicellana is a pest of fruit trees such as apple, chestnut, persimmon and pear.
In the spring, larvae feed in unfolding buds, and then spin a few young leaves together and cut petioles of inner leaves, as Choristoneura adumbratana does. Attacks on flowers and fruits are unknown.
Hatchlings occurring in summer feed on lower surface of leaves under linear webs along major leaf veins.
Distribution:
Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; Korea; China: Kiangsu, Chekiang, Russia: Amur, Primorsk, Askold J.
Pheromone:
Pheromone unknown.
Attractantia:
Z 11-14Ac : 7
E 11-14Ac : 3 (Kozaki et al., 1984)
Parasitoids:
Macrocentrus pallipes Nees (Braconidae)
Macrocentrus linearis (Nees) (Braconidae)
Teleutaea minamikawai Uchida et Momoi (Ichneumonidae)
Campoplex homonae (Sonan) (Ichneumonidae)